In the context of playing the saxophone, what are subtones?
Subtones in saxophone playing refer to a technique used to produce a soft, warm, and breathy tone, usually at lower dynamics and in the lower register of the instrument. This technique is often employed in jazz and ballad playing but can be effective in various musical styles. Subtones are characterized by their smooth, mellow sound, which contrasts with the brighter, more focused sound produced by the standard saxophone tone.
Here are some key aspects of subtones on the saxophone:
Embouchure and Air Support: To produce subtones, saxophonists typically relax their embouchure (the way they hold their mouth on the reed and mouthpiece) and use a slower, more controlled airstream. This relaxation allows the reed to vibrate more freely at a lower amplitude, producing a softer sound.
Mouthpiece and Reed Setup: The choice of mouthpiece and reed can influence the ease of producing subtones. Players often find that a softer reed and a mouthpiece with a larger chamber can facilitate subtone production.
Voicing and Throat Position: The position of the tongue and throat play a crucial role in subtone production. Lowering the tongue and opening the throat can help create the desired sound.
Control and Practice: Mastering subtones requires practice and control over one's embouchure and breath support. It's about finding the right balance to maintain pitch and tone quality while producing a softer sound.
Musical Application: Subtones are often used to add expressiveness and emotion in softer, more lyrical passages. They are especially popular in jazz for their sultry and intimate quality.
Pitch and Intonation Challenges: Playing subtones can sometimes lead to pitch and intonation issues. Maintaining a steady intonation while playing subtones is a skill that requires practice and a good ear.
Subtones are not just a technique but an expressive tool that adds depth and character to saxophone playing. Saxophonists often explore this technique to expand their musical expression and develop a more versatile sound palette.